Frederick Douglass Essays

Frederick Douglass Essays Frederick Douglass Essay Frederick Douglass Essay What he generally horrendous. that I generally wanted. ( Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass pg. 48 ) Frederick Douglass expresses that comprehension and education are extraordinary signifiers of intensity. Slaves are viewed as assets and are non rewarded with respect. what's more, in his novel. Douglass communicates how he had the option to show signs of improvement of the affraies that he needed to stand up to standing out it from how of import it is to be proficient. From being a previous slave forever. to the guidance that his Masterss denied from him. this man’s life was loaded up with difficulties. In this novel. Douglass communicates the significance of comprehension by portraying how he had the option to larn. peruse. also, compose. other than what he found by going educated. This exposition centers around the manners in which proficiency played an of import work in his life. how insight can once in a while do you experience harshly. furthermore, how perception being stifled from the individuals who are slaves influenced the running of the slave framework in the United States. There can be no opportunity without guidance. This sentence was composed by a slave named Fredrick Douglass. During subjugation. masters†¦ keep up their slaves along these lines oblivious ( Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass pg. 19 ) consequently. to keep up them from emerging against their owners and doing commotion all through the South. Douglass composes how he couldn't continue having the guidance that his kept lady began to gracefully him with on the grounds that her hubby educated her to make in any case. A nigga ought to cognize nil yet to comply with his lord to slam as he is advised to make. Learning would bungle the best nigga known to mankind. On the off chan ce that you show a slave how to peruse. they would go inconvenient and have no an incentive to his maestro. ( Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass pg. 47 ) : Frederick Douglass The slave society during the before the war time frame was centered around slave exchange as the principle monetary action. Servitude was basically a work framework, which was utilized to drive the agrarian insurgency. Subjection was a foundation, which was persuasive in molding the situation, for example, the economy, governmental issues and culture of a given state in the United States. Larger part of the slave exchange occurred in the south of the United States given the nearness of enormous homesteads, which required work for creation of crude materials. Subjection was basically affected by the development in farming requiring for work to build creation in the huge manors, which described the south of the United States. This was driven by the capacity of the ranchers to get to enormous and controllable work in contrast with the little controllable work before the start of servitude. The every day lives of the ointments were set apart by the arrangement of work to the enormous scope ranchers. The slaves generally existed in the arrangements of enormous families, which were utilized as an endurance component by the slaves given the outrageous unfeeling day to day environments (McCurdy, Frederick, 19). The prior to the war slave society was set apart by the nearness of various occurrences of uncaring treatment of slaves since they were basically considered as property by the slave dealers and proprietors. The slaves experienced incomprehensible cold-bloodedness from their lords since they were considered as less human. They were driven by the utilization of the whip with the point of guaranteeing that they were sufficiently scared to battle for their privileges and benefits from their lords. What's more, this was additionally used to support the obliviousness, which existed among the slaves. 2. Force employed by the white ointment experts enabled them to impact the direct of the exchange just as the capacity to control huge work in their homesteads. The whips produced using cow skins were utilized as the instruments for teaching dread through terrorizing by whipping the captives to regard the orders of their lords. The capacity of the white slave dealers to take part in the deal and acquisition of slaves meant that the force, which they yielded over the slaves. This empowered them to term the slaves as property, which could be sold and pushed to give most extreme advantages utilizing the whip as the apparatus of driving the slaves (Tise, 19). Furthermore isolation was another type of intensity, which guaranteed that the slaves who were all dark stayed in numbness and wretchedness. They were isolated in every single social viewpoint, which were realized by the forswearing of their fundamental freedoms, for example, the freedom to move and access to essential courtesies. For example, a slave was not justified the capacity to sit while his lord was talking. What's more, a slave was likewise incapable to offer input of give guard to missteps or frequencies in the lead of their obligations in the homestead. This was normally trailed by whipping to guarantee that terrorizing of the slaves was completed (Schneider, Carl, 29). Intensity of the slave proprietors was shown by their capacity to claim huge quantities of slaves. This was likewise to some extent controlled by the size of land claimed by a slave driver. This was important in that an enormous tract of land was typically set apart by the nearness of huge quantities of captives to give the genuinely necessary free work just as guaranteeing that the white bosses had the option to display control over the slaves. The capacity of the slave drivers to control enormous quantities of slaves is an express sign this was planned for demonstrating the slaves that the white experts were naturally ground-breaking. 3. Douglass and different ointments had the option to oppose the standard of their white bosses and subject to hard work as different slaves through exploiting the abolitionist bondage change. A portion of the slaves were additionally ready to escape from the imprisonment of their slave drivers by getting away from the mistreatment practiced by the bosses with a point of ingraining dread by terrorizing. Douglass was of the sentiment that illumination of the slave was the suitable methods for guaranteeing that the slaves had the option to accumulate information, which would empower them rise, structure their degrees of numbness and start a mission for opportunity from the bondage of oppression by the slave drivers (Guelzo, 34). On account of his capacity to accumulate compensation , Douglass had the option to pay for his benefits to live in opportunity such empowered him to practice various freedoms, for example, the capacity to exist in opportunity by practicing freedoms, for example, simplicity of development, private methods for boarding, and individual capacity to decide his heap of work. This was in any case conceded at a cost, he was to make week by week installments to the ace for exercise of such benefits. He had the option to look for business somewhere else and was possessed by another ace to whom he gave duty on a week by week premise. In any case, he had a particular center, which was to guarantee that he would flee from the slaving conditions in the state into another piece of the nation. He had the option to escape into New York with the utilization of his sparing which he had collected in the direct of his obligations for his slave driver. 4. Force practiced by the slaveholders was basically used to guarantee that the slaves were limited by the dread of break, which was realized by the slave drivers through terrorizing utilizing the whip. The common war between the association and the states in the south was explicitly determined by the calls for abolishment of slave exchange by the administration. Slave exchange was the biggest exchanging action, which empowered white slave merchants to accumulate massive riches. What's more, the thought of the nearness of opportunity for the slaves was an interpretation to the loss of free work, which was benefited to the slave drivers. Thus, the loss of work would bring about misfortunes in their homesteads as far as absence of work to deal with the enormous ranches and vineyards, which described the south of the United States (Tise, 41). The profound divisions between the states structure the association and those in the south were driven by the financial conditions. The south produced a great deal of its riches from the utilization of slave work to store up riches for the slaveholders however the utilization of free work. What's more the profound divisions which depended on race were additionally among different drivers of the common war in that the opportunity to the slaves would add up to loss of lion's share of the abundance of the slaveholders as they clutched slaves as a feature of their riches or property. Consequently, calls to free slaves made an interpretation of to come back to destitution for various slave brokers in the south. Moreover, it was likewise unbelievable by the white individuals to exist in a nation where all white and slaves were basically dark, to get to comparable benefits and freedoms. The north was set apart by the nearness of access to freedoms by liberated slaves like freedoms, which were available to the white individuals or the slave drivers and their families. What's more, agribusiness was the principle monetary movement, which was legitimately identified with the sanctioning of slave exchange the south of the United States (Douglass, 37). The diminished monetary action was an interpretation to the loss of intensity, which was held by the white individuals in the south. Their failure to provide order as a result of liberating of the slaves was an interpretation to the loss of various benefits, for example, employing work to support the broad ranches, which had been generally kept an eye on by the slaves at no expense by the ranchers who held enormous quantities of slaves. Fundamentally, it was a dread for the achievement of balance between the slaves and their lords and the resulting loss of the control over the slaves and its benefits. Work Cited Douglass, Frederick. Collections of memoirs: Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave; My servitude and my opportunity; Life and times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1994.Print. Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln’s Em

Other Minds? :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Different Minds? Bertrand Russell communicated his conviction on knowing different personalities, in an article based essentially around the idea of ‘analogy’, which means like or resemblance of. His conviction is that, We are persuaded that others have contemplations and emotions that are subjectively genuinely like our own. We are not substance to imagine that we know just the space-time structure of our friends’ minds, or their ability for starting causal chains that end in vibes of our own (Russell 89). Russell discusses the inward mindfulness, for example, having the option to watch the events of such things as recollecting, feeling delight and feeling torment from inside our own minds’. This would then permit us to assume that different creatures that have these capacities would then be that of having minds. The term ‘analogy’ is extremely dubious in nature, yet when utilized in this unique situation, we expect that the conduct of others is from various perspectives undifferentiated from concerning causes. These causes being conduct coordinated from sensation or thought. It is evident and detectable that individuals or creatures other then I act in manners by which we carry on when set in various circumstances. For instance trouble or the idea of outrage or satisfaction can be found in others. Others at that point can and do respond to various makes comparable the manner by which I do also. Another thought is that of shared understanding. Russell utilizes the case of two companions having a discussion where journals are investigated. These two people have shared encounters together. They in the long run find that each other’s recollections help each other in reviewing data overlooked with time. (Russell 89) It can verifiably be said that creatures wherein can think, in this manner have a psyche, in this way have foundations for conduct. As it is obvious to me that the causal laws administering my conduct have to do with ‘thoughts’, it is normal to derive that the equivalent is valid for the comparable to conduct of my companions (Russell 89). Along these lines the part of induction is presently the principle concern when identifying with relationship. Would we be able to deduce that different creatures have considerations and emotions to result such causes, as that wherein is recognizable? Russell clarifies this idea with the case of mother and her considerations. We end up having faith in them when we initially start to mirror; the idea that Mother might be furious or satisfied is one which ascends in early outset (Russell 90).

How to Calculate Product Costs (+4 Examples)

How to Calculate Product Costs (+4 Examples) For every product in the market, there were some costs incurred to produce it. And for the continued availability of that product, the manufacturer must be realizing a profit.Realizing profits is not simply determined by high prices or the sale of many units. The cost of the goods sold plays a big role.You can sell all of your inventory but if your sales are not more than your production costs, you’ll make a loss.Product costs are the sum of all your direct material costs, direct labor costs and manufacturing overhead costs.Leaving out any of these, especially the manufacturing overhead, will not give you the true picture of your costs.Of the three costs to be summed up, manufacturing overhead costs are the easiest to ignore.This is because they don’t seem to directly impact the products being manufactured.However, their place in the costing equation is guaranteed by the very role they play.Let’s take a closer look at these three types of costs as pertains to manufacturing.Dire ct Material CostsDirect material costs are those you can trace directly into the finished goods.If for example you manufacture soft drinks, direct material costs may include the plastic bottles you pack the drinks in.These costs are easy to account for as they are visible.They can be tracked with relative ease all the way from their arrival at the factory to the very last stage of transporting to your customers.A simple inventory tracking exercise like counting the number of drinks leaving your warehouse can confirm the number of bottles used.When you know that you used a certain number of bottles, then the cost of one multiplied by the number of bottles gives you the total material costs for the bottles.Another characteristic of direct material costs is that they are almost always tangible.This means that you can physically interact with them.For example, with soft drink manufacturing, you may have a   number of direct materials used.They may include water, sugar, flavorings, color etc.All these are ingredients you physically interact with to make up the final product.Direct Labor CostsDirect labor costs are those which are not tangible but are nevertheless required for production.As the name suggests, these revolve around the work done to complete the manufacturing process.With regards to the workers, you will first of all be looking at costs such as wages or salaries for the hours they put in. Every hour worked determines the level of production.And that hour costs you. If your workers work in eight-hour shifts, then this is what you will be paying them for.If you have an arrangement of two shifts in a day, maybe a day and night shift, then your production is high.But this does not reduce your labor costs because both shifts will be a cost of production.Where you have only one shift with provisions for overtime, this will also have to be taken into account.Apart from the wages and salaries, you will also be incurring costs such as benefits and insurance.The se will be calculated per employee depending on their individual contract agreement.Direct labor costs are not difficult to trace because the people working in the production line are the ones counting as cost.These are the staff doing the packaging, mixing, labeling, tasting   etc.Manufacturing Overhead CostsManufacturing overhead costs are those which are not directly attributable to the production of your products.When working out your manufacturing overhead costs, you will need to pay close attention to everything that happens in your factory.Basically, your manufacturing overhead costs are the expenses incurred while facilitating the manufacturing process.Manufacturing is your business.But for it to happen, you need additional resources in order to achieve your goals.These costs are divided into three:1. Indirect material costs â€" in the course of your manufacturing, there are costs which you will incur yet they don’t go directly into the finished products. These are the mat erials you buy to facilitate the main work being done.An example of this may be the cleaning products used to ensure the premises are clean.2. Indirect labor costs â€" as far as your manufacturing labor costs are concerned, there are some indirect ones which you must include in your costing. These are the employees not directly involved in manufacturing but play a role in the overall smooth running of the factory.Examples of these are security guards and machine maintenance staff. Whereas the security guard does not do any manufacturing, securing the area of production is part of the cost you should consider for your end products.3. Other costs â€" there are other costs involved in your production which are not directly related to your products. These are those which affect your ability to manufacture. For example, you cannot run your manufacturing business in the open field. You will need a factory.As such, the factory lease is one of the costs which contributes to your end product ’s cost. Another cost is the taxes you pay on the property. These are costs associated with your business.Were you not running the business, you wouldn’t be incurring these costs.Your utilities will also count as other costs affecting your production.PRODUCT COST VS PRODUCT COST PER UNITWhile working on product costs, there is a related cost which is equally important for you to calculate.This is the product cost per unit.Whereas product cost is the sum of all the expenses surrounding the production of your goods, product cost per unit is the cost of producing a single product.For example, in producing 10 crates of soft drinks, your production costs could be $500. To find out the production cost per unit, you will divide this total cost by the number of individual drinks manufactured.If one crate has 24 bottles and you have 10 crates, then the total is 240 bottles. You will then arrive at the product cost per unit by dividing 500 by 240 to get 2.08.Therefore, every bottle produc ed cost $2.08.IMPORTANCE OF CALCULATING PRODUCT COSTSCalculating your product costs is a necessity if you are a manufacturer.You have to be aware of how much it cost you to get your products available for sale.This helps in many ways and some are discussed below.Accuracy of Expenses IncurredAny time you have a process running at the factory, there is a cost attached to it.You cannot get your raw materials to the end of the production line without incurring costs.Some costs are obvious and very direct while others are almost negligible.Despite this, when you take note of all of them separately, you are able to discern where you are spending most of your money.This will make it easier for you to know what area of production needs improvement so as to achieve maximum efficiency or lower costs.Pricing DecisionsSince you are producing goods for sale, you have to assign them a selling price.And because you are in business, you must make profit otherwise you will shut down operations.   Ho w do   you know the best price to sell your products at?There are several things to be done.You must research the market, determine your target customers, consider the payment terms etc.But all these things, as necessary as they are, cannot come close in importance to the need to know the actual cost of producing your product.Market research may tell you that your soft drink needs to cost $3 because that’s the average price in the market. But what if your cost of production per unit is $2?At this point, you have not yet calculated the cost of transporting the finished product to the market.Moreover, what if your product is a better alternative to whatever is in the market?Ideally, your market research should have come before setting up business. And you should have kept updating yourself on the trends in pricing.But as a business, you have a unique selling point. This is what you have most likely built your product around.This can often lead to a higher cost of production per unit . If producing one unit is higher compared to your competitors, then you cannot sell at the same price. Source: e-junkie.comKnowing how much it cost to produce your goods will enable you determine your profit margin.And with a specific profit margin, you can come up with a selling price.If your prices are significantly higher than the competition, you may need to work on some form of promotion.Or maybe do extra work on marketing.All in all, pricing needs a lot of work and constant monitoring of the market as well as your operations.Processing DecisionsKnowing the cost of production will also help you decide whether to sell a product after one stage of processing or after two other stages.Some industries are able to produce different products from the same raw material at different levels of processing.An example is the dairy industry.From the raw material of milk, a creamery can produce pasteurized milk, skimmed milk, non-fat milk, cheese, butter and even a protein supplement like casein.This wide array of options can be narrowed down to the most profitable by determining the productio n cost of each of these items.Apart from finding out what the market needs are, you can also perform a test production of each of these.With that production, you can determine which is the cheapest to produce and which is the most expensive.After this determination, you can then compare this report with your market research findings on what the market needs.The selling price of the products already in the market will also help you decide what to produce.You may also find out the cost the manufacturers of the other options incur. With that, you can supply them in case you produce it cheaper.For example, you may decide to produce skimmed milk and yogurt.As part of your business, you can decide to supply other manufacturers with cream for butter.Or even diversify by making cheese as your primary product and whey and casein as your secondary products.Whey and casein are by-products of the cheese-making process thus may not be a big burden if already dealing with milk.Either way, the pro duction costs of each will determine your decision.Project TrackingEvery manufactured product can be viewed as a project. If you produce skimmed milk, cheese and whey protein, you can say that you have three projects running in your factory.The success of every project depends on a number of factors. Key among them are the running costs and profitability.For you to determine or guarantee the profitability of a project, you will have to keep a keen eye on the expenses involved in the project.For example, three of your employees involved in ingredients mixing may fall sick.Having no-one to cover for them, you may either shut down or hire a temporary staff. The temporary staff will have to undergo urgent training.This is an unexpected expense.If you do not know how much your direct labor costs are in regards to these two sick employees, then you may not make the best decision in your hiring process.You may hire someone quickly and overlook the full cost of the hire.This can result in a batch of drinks whose production cost is too high to realize a profit.Being aware of the costs involved and the budget allocated for the active projects helps you make adjustments accordingly.It also helps you stay in control and quickly notice when things are not going according to plan. Project DevelopmentProject development is the process of developing new products which you intend to add to your portfolio.Similar to the research done before setting up a business or opening a new outlet, there will be some work to be done.Since you are a manufacturer, it is essential that you know the costs involved in manufacturing the new product.If you decide to make a new flavor of the soft drink you have been producing, then you will have to factor in the relevant costs.With knowledge of what it costs to produce the current flavor, determining the cost of a new flavor won’t be difficult.You may still need to run a test to find out whether there are changes to be made in the production pro cess for the sake of the new flavor.If you have not been working out your production costs, you can easily miscalculate the costs involved.This can happen when you make seemingly-small assumptions which only add up to a bigger cost later.EXAMPLES OF HOW TO CALCULATE PRODUCT COSTSCalculating product costs is key for every manufacturing business.Without it, not only will you miss out the benefits, but could also suffer loss from making poor decisions.To help you see how this can be implemented in an everyday manufacturing environment, consider the below examples.Example 1: Truck manufacturingKanta Trucks is a company which manufactures trucks called Kanta.In the course of their production, they have been able to keep their expenses to a minimum so as to maximize on profitability.To achieve this, they keep track of their production cost.Here is a breakdown of how they do it for their most profitable model, KT-AWD. This is an all-wheel-drive model of which 12 units are produced every mo nth.Direct Material Costs â€" $200,000Direct labor costs â€" $125,000Manufacturing overhead costs $35,000Total cost of production â€" 200,000 + 125,000 + 35,000 = $360,000Total cost of production per unit â€" 360,000 / 12 = $30,000Example 2: Beer manufacturingBamboo Distillers manufacture a spirit called Cane Spirit. It’s packed in a 450ml glass bottle and in a carton of 24 pcs. Bamboo Distillers operate a factory and run a separate office. They enjoy lower power bills since they recycle some waste material from the cane to generate electricity.At the same time, they built their factory on a piece of land they bought thus they have no rent payments to make. This gives them an edge over the competition as their product is cheaper.Here is a breakdown of their production costs. A single production contains a batch of 50 cartons.Direct Material Costs â€" $2,750Direct labor costs â€" $500Manufacturing overhead costs $350Total cost of production â€" 2,750 + 500 + 350 = $3,600Total cos t of production per unit â€" 3,600 / (24 x 50) = $3Example 3: Toy manufacturingRego Toys manufactures toys for children aged 3â€"6. Their main raw material is plastic though they also have some metal use for screws.Some of their toys include cars, planes, tanks and motorcycles. They have grown to operate in different countries and serve customers around the globe.The manufacturing costs differ per factory due to the different business environments in different countries.The production costs of 1,000 remote-controlled plastic army tanks manufactured at the main factory in China are shown here. Final packaging is done in boxes of 3.Direct Material Costs â€" $17,000Direct labor costs â€" $5,000Manufacturing overhead costs $3,000Total cost of production â€" 17,000 + 5,000 + 3,000 = $25,000Total cost of production per unit â€" 25,000 / 1,000 = $25Example 4: Clothes manufacturingHarem manufactures ladies’ clothes using fine cotton imported from India. Dresses are their highest-selling products followed by nightgowns.Every year, they manufacture 10,000 dresses which they sell across the country. Below are their production costs.Direct Material Costs â€" $7,000Direct labor costs â€" $3,000Manufacturing overhead costs $2,000Total cost of production â€" 7,000 + 3,000 + 2,000 = $12,000Total cost of production per unit â€" 12,000 / 1,000 = $12CONCLUSIONIt is important that you calculate your product cost so as to know how to price it.This will also help you know what to adjust for maximum profitability.

Financial Analysis Valuation Msi Industry Average Good Bad

Section 2 – Financial Analysis VALUATION MSI Industry Average Good Bad SP 500 Good Bad Price/Earnings (TTM) 26.24 18.77 X 23.62 X Price/Cash Flow 16.25 11.48 X 14.21 X Price/Sales (TTM) 2.03 0.22 X 0.63 X Price/Book 5.35 2.66 X 5.33 X The Price-Earnings Ratio, or P/E Ratio, is the ratio that measures a company’s current share price with their earnings per share. This ratio is typically measured over the previous four quarters, or 1 full calendar year. MSI has a P/E Ratio of 26.24. This means that for every dollar of earnings, people are willing to pay 26.24 dollars. The industry average is 18.77 and the SP 500 is 23.62. Motorola Solutions has a higher P/E ratio than both of those so they are doing well on that front. The Price/Cash Flow ratio measures the company’s current stock market price to the cash flow per-share that is generated. This is better than the P/E ratio seeing as it adds things such as depreciation to the mix. This makes the number harder to manipulate. MSI’s Price/Cash Flow ratio is sitting at 16.25 while the industry average and SP 500 are at 11.48 and 14.21 respectively. This means that MSI’s stock is likely quite overrated which is not a good thing. This means that the price of the stock compared to how much money the company is actually generating per share is more, which is bad. The Price-to-Sales ratio, or PSR, is used to find the value that is placed on each dollar of a company’s revenue. With MSI’s PSR ratio being at 2.03, it is milesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Solution Manual-Investment22189 Words   |  89 PagesPart B END-OF-CHAPTER SOLUTIONS Fundamentals of Investments, 5th edition Jordan and Miller Chapter 1 A Brief History of Risk and Return Concept Questions 1. For both risk and return, increasing order is b, c, a, d. On average, the higher the risk of an investment, the higher is its expected return. 2. Since the price didn’t change, the capital gains yield was zero. If the total return was four percent, then the dividend yield must be four percent. 3. It is impossibleRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesProject at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. CASE STUDY III-2 A Make-or-Buy Decision at Baxter Manufacturing Company CASE STUDY III-3 ERP Purchase Decision at Benton Manufacturing Company, Inc. CASE STUDY III-4 The Kuali Financial System: An Open-Source Project CASE STUDY III-5 NIBCO’s â€Å"Big Bang†: An SAP Implementation CASE STUDY III-6 BAT Taiwan: Implementing SAP for a Strategic Transition CASE STUDY III-7 A Troubled Project at Modern Materials, Inc.

The Application Of Expert Systems Essay - 1962 Words

Abstract Expert systems are computer systems that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert and make it easier to solve complex reasoning problems using the vast knowledge resources that are available to them. The application of expert systems has on the whole been quite successful in applying artificial intelligence and reasoning to technical and technological fields such as medical diagnostics, remote mission control, system behavior monitoring, pattern recognition and several others. However, as modern technology has progressed and artificial intelligence has evolved, the use of the term â€Å"expert system† has decreased, as has the application of standalone artificial intelligence systems, and integrated business applications suites that use expert system frameworks behind the scenes have gained traction. This paper discusses the types of expert systems and their role in integrating with decision support systems to provide efficient managerial support tools. 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Babes in Bollywood Free Essays

This paper is an effort to explore issues related to presentation of a woman in Hindi Cinema with the reference of movie â€Å"Mother India† directed by Mehboob Khan. This movie was nominated for Academy Awards for Best foreign Language film in the same year. This movie was remake of â€Å"Aurat† released in 1940 directed by Mehboob Khan. We will write a custom essay sample on Babes in Bollywood or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Mother India† is one of the best Hindi movies. It is an excellent presentation of Indian woman in all her roles. Significance of movie increases exponentially, if one compares this movie with the socio-cultural perspective of the time of its release. It was a period of post independence in India. People on one hand were taking up developmental issues whereas rural India was facing the similar problems of moneylenders, Jamindari, caste, social status and pride. Differences of caste, social status, culture, gender, language, interests and several others were common. In such scenario, thinking of overall growth of a community needed to bring everyone together irrespective of their differences. Socio-cultural Perspectives Covered in the Movie Movie presents social environment of village where men and women have their predefined roles and responsibilities. Most of the women in the movie will be doing works like fetching water, grinding grains, working on fields along with their family members, cooking and other household works. They are expected to behave in certain manner. The famous actress Nargis Dutt portrayed what is perhaps the ultimate politically correct sacrificial heroine in the 1957 release Mother India (a remake of the 1940 Aurat [Woman]). Persevering against corrupt moneylenders, abandonment, betrayal, monsoons, isolation, and death, Dutt’s character, Radha, provides the inspiration for her son and her village to survive (Booth, 1995). Radha as a Bride: As a young bride, Radha takes up all the responsibilities of households silently. She has shy and romantic relationship with her husband and respecting behaviour towards her mother-in-law. She does not let her mother-in-law do any household work, once the marriage ceremony is over. Radha is concerned about the family reputation and well-being and does not want family to be under any loan so she wants to pay off loan with her jewellery. On the other hand, expectations of a husband (Shamu) to see his wife pretty and asking her reasons of not wearing jewelleries and telling her to wear jewelleries. Radha has expectation from her husband to get his attention. These factors are beautifully presented in the movie. This movie presents expectations of society from a young bride and expectations of a young bride for her family and husband in a beautiful manner. Radha as a Wife Indian society expect wife to be devoted for all traditional duties and support her husband in all thick and thin. Radha in this movie has done the same. Radha’s husband leaves her at young age due to his inability to take care of his family after the accident where he loses both his hands. Radha goes here and there searching for him and expects him to come back until the end of the movie. Radha sees his glimpse on her elder son and remembers him all the time whether it is festival or when she becomes grandmother. Radha’s devotion towards her husband is presentation of expectation of Indian society from the Hindu wives. Radha as a Mother Radha as a mother is brave mother. She adores her children, feed them and bring them up. Her children give her due respect. In the movie, it is shown that Radha shots â€Å"Birju† her younger son. This is something contradictory to the social norm and image of mother in society. Mother is expected to ignore all bad about her children and remember only one thing of her motherly love. Radha goes through hardships for the survival of her children. Wealthy â€Å"Sukhilala† the moneylender offers Radha money and food during flood and crisis in the exchange of her beauty, Radha for a moment becomes ready to feed her dying children but as soon as she regains her conscious, she beats him up, comes back, struggles to find food, and survives. In this movie, various scenes have been presented in the way that the motherly love or the social depiction of mother is protected. As soon as Birju is shot, Radha throws the rifle and runs to hold him and Birju is surprised. This scene presents the unexpected behaviour in a manner that audience would accept and appreciate it. Radha as a Villager Radha as a member of a community holds certain responsibility for the land and her village. During flood when people start leaving village, she requests them and urges them to stay. She thinks about welfare of her village. She beats up and even kills her son when she finds him doing something against honour of village. Her younger son tries to take away moneylender’s daughter forcefully; she refers the term â€Å"Gaon ki beti (daughter of the whole village)† for her. This was despite of the fact that the moneylender was root of all the problems in her life. RaConclusion There are very less woman centred movies are made in Bollywood. Number of movies with the theme where woman has been able to bring change in the society is very less. In most of the movies, woman has less significant roles as compared to male characters. The subject of the movie Mother India is not just bold but also it is though provoking. The movie was released in year 1957. This was a period of post independence. Women in the society had to follow very strict social norms and guidelines. The tolerance zone for behaviour of a woman outside these social norms was narrow. The character of Radha has not just followed these norms beautifully but also posed several questions about the women in the society. Radha made a choice for good by killing her son. The starting of movie indicates the progressing India with the Water Canal inauguration by Radha, who is referred as Mother India. This movie has given food of thought to people. Radha was not just a character but also an agent to bring change. She was devoted wife like Goddess Sita and fierce Mother Goddess Kali twice first when she dealt with â€Å"Sukhilala† and second when she killed her son. Probably justifying Radha’s character was the most challenging aspect for the filmmaker, which he has done successfully. Radha did not leave her land even in the worst condition. Not just that she was able to convince other villagers to stay for the good of all. Radha talked about welfare of land and the village. She was determined and proved her concerns of welfare of society. The most appealing factor of the movie was the representation of characters in contradictory modes. Character of Radha became more appealing and powerful with the contradictory representations. Mehboob Khan represented rural India and a rural woman in a manner that it not just offered entertainment values to the audience but also gave a strong social message to the society. Reference: Booth, G. D, Traditional Content and Narrative Structure in the Hindi Commercial Cinema, Journal: Asian Folklore Studies, 54:2. (1995) Pg 169 Rosie Thomas, â€Å"Sanctity and Scandal: The Mythologization of Mother India,† Quarterly Review of Film and Video 11:3 (1989): 11-30 Images retrieved on 29 Oct 2007 from †¢ www. tribuneindia. com/2005/20050526/main1. htm †¢ www. oscarguy. com/Resources/Annual/30th. html †¢ www. afc. gov. au/†¦ /archives/2006/04_oct. aspx †¢ www. afc. gov. au/images/puffs/motherindia1puff. jpg †¢ http://www. boloji. com/cinema/062a. jpg †¢ http://hcl. harvard. edu/hfa/films/2006fall/melodrama. html dha as an Individual At each stage of her life, Radha has proven herself a strong woman. She has maintained her self-respect and courage. She did things that were socially right. She was right of selling off her jewellery and paying off as much debt as possible to avoid the consequences of loans and interest in the future life but as a female and youngest member of the family, she could not take decisions. She had taken up all the responsibilities with courage. Her character in every form reveals the purity which society expects from a woman. GANDHY and THOMAS comment on Radha , â€Å"It is important to recognize that, throughout the film, Radha’s ‘power’ or ‘strength’ is integrally bound up with her respect for ‘traditional values’ . . . it is as a paragon of wifely devotion and chastity . . . that she is accorded respect and authority† (1991, 118 as cited by Booth 1995). How to cite Babes in Bollywood, Papers

Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues

For the last fifty years, workforce in the U.S has experienced numerous changes. Although the number of men in the workforce is still higher than that of women, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of working women. For instance, the percentage was thirty four in the 1950s and this has increased to sixty percent today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are clearly impressive statistics that prove that women have taken their rightful positions in the workplace. This probably can be attributed to various reasons. For instance, women nowadays do not get married as early as they used to in the past, they also take a longer period of time in advancing their education and bear fewer children. A great number of them nowadays continue with their working life as well as attending to the roles that are traditionally associated wi th parents (Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 1). At the workplace, women are faced by many challenges that are not faced by their male counterparts. This is partially due to the fact that men and women do not specialize in the same jobs. They usually have different types of jobs. Generally, there are work related cases that are associated with women. Some of them include respiratory diseases, carpal tunnel syndrome, stress disorders, infectious diseases caused by parasites and anxiety. In addition, women are exposed to risks of illness and injuries at the workplace as a result of social, cultural and economic factors. Some of the social factors may include marital problems and pressing family needs while economic ones include lack of enough finances to meet basic needs or bad debts. For example, a higher number of women than men take up part-time or contractual jobs. Contingent work is also in most cases associated with women. When compared with individuals who work i n traditional job settings, contingent workers are lowly paid and enjoy limited benefits. Most women do not have the confidence to raise safety issues since they believe that such actions could cost them their jobs or be exposed to unbearable working conditions. This is a characteristic of all employees who work in jobs that are insecure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also common that they fear reporting injuries sustained at the workplace. In the American workforce, women from foreign countries popularly referred to as immigrants are vulnerable to workplace risks. They experience problems due to the immigrant status they carry and also issues as they try to balance family life and work. They work in places that expose them to a higher rate of injuries as compared to their native counterparts. Sexual harassment may be the root cause of depression, anxiety, low self-e steem and headaches among other complications (Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 3). In my opinion, most women carry heavy burdens as they try to balance family responsibilities and work. This stresses them since they have to take care of children and the elderly. Women who find themselves in such situations may be at the risk of developing many physical and mental complications. It is important for the relevant government departments to ensure that workplace discrimination does not exist. There should also be adequate safety mechanisms in all workplaces especially in industries where women have higher chances of getting injured. In the event of any injury at the workplace, organizations should take full responsibility in ensuring that the victims get medical attention and eventual compensation. Works Cited Women’s Safety and Health Issues at Work 2012. Web. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/05/13/womens-health-at-work/. This essay on Safety of Women and Workplace Health Issues was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.